• A noncommunicable disease is a noninfectious health condition that cannot be spread from person to person and caused by a combination of genetic, physiological, lifestyle, and environmental factors insult for long period of time to develop an irreversible change to the body of the individuals lead to a chronic disease.
• People of all age groups, regions and countries are affected by NCDs. Children, adults and the elderly are all vulnerable to the risk factors contributing to NCDs, whether from unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, exposure to tobacco smoke or the harmful use of alcohol.
• These conditions are often associated with older age groups, but evidence shows that 15 million of all deaths attributed to NCDs occur between the ages of 30 and 69 years.
• Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) kill 41 million people each year, equivalent to 71% of all deaths globally.
• Each year, 15 million people die from a NCD between the ages of 30 and 69 years; over 85% of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.
• Detection, screening and treatment of NCDs are the key components of the response to NCDs

Cardiovascular diseases

• Cardiovascular diseases account for most NCD deaths, or 17.9 million people annually, followed by cancers (9.0 million), respiratory diseases (3.9million), and diabetes (1.6 million).
• Cardiovascular diseases include
  • heart attacks
  • Hypertension
  • Stroke

Cancer

• Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and is responsible for about 10 million deaths per year. Globally, about 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer.
• Approximately 70% of deaths from cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries.
• Around one-third of deaths from cancer are due to tobacco use, high body mass index, alcohol use, low fruit and vegetable intake, and lack of physical activity.
• Tobacco use is the most important risk factor for cancer and is responsible for approximately 25% of cancer deaths
• Late-stage presentation and lack of access to diagnosis and treatment are common, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Comprehensive treatment is reportedly available in more than 90% of high-income countries but less than 15% of low-income countries.
• The most common Cancer disease includes
• Lung cancer
• Cervical cancer
• Liver cancer
• Colorectal cancer
• Prostate cancer
• Breast cancer

Diabetes

• The number of people with diabetes rose from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014.
• The global prevalence of diabetes among adults over 18 years of age rose from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014.
• Diabetes prevalence has been rising more rapidly in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
• Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower limb amputation.
• In 2016, an estimated 1.6 million deaths were directly caused by diabetes. Another 2.2 million deaths were attributable to high blood glucose in 2012.
• Almost half of all deaths attributable to high blood glucose occur before the age of 70 years.
• WHO estimates that diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in 2016.
• A healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body weight and avoiding tobacco use are ways to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
• Diabetes can be treated and its consequences avoided or delayed with diet, physical activity, medication and regular screening and treatment for complications

Chronic respiratory diseases

• • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • Asthma.

• The primary focus of this program is on prevention non-communicable diseases before the individuals undergo irreversible change in their body cause a chronic disease.
• The ICL’s MyLab check program is conducted in accordance with the STEPwise approach of the World Health Organization (WHO) in order to prevent Non-Communicable Disease. It includes a three levels approach:

(1) Assess demographic and behavioral risk factors for NCDs,

• The MyLab check program uses a structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEPwise approach. It contains information regarding sociodemographic characteristics, presence any comorbidity, behavior factors assessment such as physical activity, tobacco and alcohol use, and family history of diabetes, hypertension, and cardiac illness.

(2) Physical measurements,

• Physical measurement will be carried out by trained “MyLab check health professionals”. This includes

• Blood pressure (BP) measurement
• Body composition
  
  • Skeletal muscle mass,
  • Extra-Cellular Water,
  • Intra-Cellular Water,
  • Total Body Water,
  • Body Fat,
  • Body Lean + Dry Lean,
  • Metabolic Rates,
  • Segmental Lean Mass,
  • Segmental Body Fat mass,
  • % Segmental Body Fat, and
  • Energy expenditure of activity
• Six lead electrocardiogram (ECG)

(3) Biochemical tests

• The MyLab check essential package contains more than 63 blood tests which in addition there are several add-on tests are also available upon request by the client and samples were collected in the morning after overnight fasting. These tests include

4. Result in health education and promotion

• A compressive report will be prepared for each client stating all the test results and physical measurements along with recommendations and lifestyle modification advice. The report can be in a printout or digital format.
• In addition, health education and health promotion will be given by trained “wellness professionals” on prevention methods and dietary intake

5. Linkage with “Hello Doctor”

• Clients in need of further medical advice or follow-up will be connected with “Hello Doctor” for consultation and link them to treatment facilities